The energy sector is mostly based on traditional fuels, with low per capita consumption (0.3 tons oil equivalent). 90% of the energy consumed comes from the unsustainable use of fuel-wood. Biomass producing surface has been disappearing at the alarming rate of 9,000ha per year, leading to soil erosion and desertification, and making this the predominant environmental issue linked to energy consumption.

A number of programs, mostly photovoltaic (PV), have been deployed in the country to date. Current efforts focus on promoting promising PV applications whilst continuing development of other technologies such as solar dryers, micro hydro, wind power, small scale gasifiers and biogas digesters. Meanwhile, the government is encouraging private enterprises to take the lead on renewable energy commercialization issues such as distribution, installation, and maintenance of installed systems.

Jim Barry has taught computer science in the cities of Bamako and Timbuktu for 
the past three years. Jim has used his numerous contacts to setup cultural and 
technological exchanges between students in the United States and Mali. His efforts 
have led to the establishment of video conferencing facilities in the Internet 
Center of Timbuktu. He has made several trips to the rural town of Ende and has 
numerous contacts?

3.0 People

Our project constituents consist of a team of technology experts from the United States and a number of educators and government officials in Mali. Additionally, we are developing relationships with corporations and non-profit foundations to help us reach our goals.

Jim Barry

Dr. Chen earned her doctorate degree investigating inexpensive, thin film polycrystalline silicon for photovoltaic modules (solar panels). For three years, Dr. Chen served as chair of the California Institute of Technology’s Environmental Task Force and was responsible for drafting the university’s first environmental polices. Dr. Chen currently studies the depletion of beneficial stratospheric ozone at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

Dr. Hightower is savvy researcher, instructor, and entrepreneur with a focus on energy systems. For the past seven years he has taught high-achieving high school and college physics programs targeting underrepresented minority students. His primary research has been on enhancing battery technologies at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, designing polymer microfluidic systems with Nanostream Inc., and most recently developing inexpensive fuel cell catalysts at the University of Southern California. He has patented improvements on industry standard metal hydrides batteries and novel microfluidic fuel cells. Adrian's lifelong vision is to create profitable enhanced energy systems to address the growing need for clean energy.

Mr. Wolaver works as a hydrogeologist for GEOSCIENCE, a Claremont, California-based ground water resources development company. Mr. Wolaver has a master’s degree from the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources at the University of Arizona, where he completed research initiated as a Fulbright Scholar in Santiago, Chile. He contributes his skills in natural resource management to the project. Brad is able to speak and read French.

3.2 Malian Team

Dr. Sonah received his doctorate in Psychology from the Université de Paris V La Sorbonne. He currently is the director of the premiere upper division education center (high school) in Bamako, Kodonso Lysee.

Dr. Sonah received her doctorate in Psychology from the Université de Paris V La Sorbonne. He currently is the director of the premiere upper division education center (high school) in Bamako, Kalanso Lysee.

Seydou Guindo, Mayor de Arronisemont de Kanya Bonzon

Seydou Guido (on motorcycle) is mayor of Ende and 16 other villages. He is also the sole nurse practitioner of the area.

Address : Aide Soignant, Cercle De Bankass, Mali

Samuel Sidibé has been Director of the National Museum of Mali in Bamako since 1987. After archaeological studies in France, he worked from 1982 to 1986 at the Institut des Sciences Humaines (Bamako) studying the inland delta of the Niger River. As Director of the National Museum, he has implemented many research and exhibition programs.

Abdoulaye Konaté studied painting at the National Institute of Arts, Bamako, Mali. In 1985 he received a Diplomé Supérieur from Institute of Arts of Havana, Cuba. In 1992 he was awarded a travel grant by the US State Department to visit museums and galleries throughout the United States In 1996 he won the Léopold Sédar Senghor Grand Prize of the Biennial Art Exhibit of Dakar. In 1997 he was appointed Director of the National Theater of Mali. He has been the Director if the newly constructed National Art School, Conservatoire des Arte and Metie Multimedia Balla Fasake Koyate since 2002.

4.0 Project

This project educates Malian students on the science and engineering of photovoltaic systems. Skills and experience with solar energy systems are becoming valuable commodities as the presence photovoltaic systems increase.


The systems are generally used to generate light or pump water in remote areas. In rural areas, batteries for radios and flashlights can consume a great deal of an individual’s resources. Students across the country are gaining access to handheld devices (calculators, organizers, phones, etc.). The use of photovoltaic systems to recharge batteries for individual appliances is becoming more and more popular.

1. Introductory electronics relating to photovoltaics.
2. Installation and repair of photovoltaic systems.
3. Basic science of photovoltaic materials.



Figure 2. Lycee Haidara is the only electrified public school in Timbuktu, Mali.

We have designed a two-day solar energy curriculum with follow-up projects led by local teachers. The curriculum calls for a group of 15 to 20 high school students. In the program, students will learn to install and troubleshoot common problems associated with standard photovoltaic systems. Primary Solar Installations (PSI) will be targeted toward rural areas. These systems will be light, small, and easy to assemble and maintain. PSI systems will contain 500W of solar panels, pole mount for solar panels, 200 Amp Hours of lead acid batteries, wiring, fuses, DC disconnects, and useful loads (lights, water pumps, and battery rechargers). Two teachers and two students from Bamako will accompany the American team to the village of Ende to install a PSI system. One system will be used for lighting the local schoolhouse. Another system will be used for pumping water at the community well.

We will also present our solar energy curriculum at the National Internet Center, Timbuktu. Additionally, we will hold a lecture on geology and water resources in the Timbuktu area with data and pictures gathered from the Internet. This event will show that high quality research information is available and accessible at the center. The lecture will be presented a second time in the town center to the general public who may not normally visit the Internet center. This event will also be an opportunity to plan future solar energy programs with city managers and school officials in Timbuktu.

4.2 Metrics of Success

5.2 Village of Ende, population 750 (estimate based on 2002 communication)

The Dogon village of Ende has been chosen as a remote test bed for the installation of a solar system for lighting and recharging batteries.  Lacking electricity and paved road access, it holds some of the archeological sites designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.  Our contact, Seydou Guindo, is the mayor of the seventeen-village Cercle De Bankass (a political entity that elects representatives) of Koro.  He has been a vital contact for the past ten years and is also the sole nurse/practitioner of the area, where there are no doctors.  He presently possesses a small solar panel that is branched to 12-Volt battery that runs his refrigerator for medicines.

5.3 Timbuktu, population 36,000 (1998 census)

In Timbuktu, EEF instructors and Malian students will install a solar system on the roof of the MCT (Multipurpose Community Telecenter), formerly the UNESCO Telecentre Communautaire Polyvalent. This solar energy system will be used to power some of the computers and monitors of the center, The system will be studied and maintained by local high school students. We have weekly email correspondence through a high school exchange project organized by Jim Barry. Students communicate through the MCT, which is the only Internet access presently in the city, Students email messages and pictures, which are posted at:

EEF is actively seeking multiple sources of funding and support for this project. As of January 2003, the Foundation has raised $4100 from private individuals. We anticipate support from battery and photovoltaic manufacturers as well. This still leaves us $23,000.00 short of our funding requirements.

Estimated budget for fiscal year 2003.

1031 S. Pasadena Ave, Pasadena, CA. 91105

http://www.its.caltech.edu/~jibarry

(626) 395-6936(office, no voice mail) 395-3295 (office asst.)

jibarry@its.caltech.edu

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE and ACCOMPLISHMENTS

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Ca.

Faculty, Fine Arts/Student Activities Department, 1986 to present

Director, Science and Math; Integrated, Animated Methodologies, Science and Technology

Center for Computer Graphic and Scientific Visualization, funded by the National Science Foundation 1998-2002

Animator, Web Designer, Caltech Seismological Laboratory intro video.

funded by Crotty Grant: May 2001 - Dec 2001

Technology Coordinator, Caltech Young Engineering and Science Scholars 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001,2002

Animator, Project Mathematics August 1999-June 2000

Designer/Animator, W. M. Keck Foundation Grant High School Calculus Curriculum: 1997 to 1998

Graphic design, animation, and production of interactive CD on Calculus.

Pasadena, Ca.

Instructor, Visual arts (including Computer Art) 1987 to present

FINE ARTS - SELECTED EXHIBIT EXPERIENCE

INTERNATIONAL ONE MAN SHOWS

Aug  2000 Bamako, Mali, British Consulate

Aug. 1992 Bamako, Mali, National Museum

Aug. 1991 Bamako, Mali, National Museum

July. 1990 Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Nat. Museum

July. 1990 Bamako, Mali, French Cultural Center

Aug. 1989 Bamako, Mali, National Museum

Aug. 1987 Paris, France, American Center

Feb.  l982 Bamako, Mali, Nat Institute of the Arts

Jan.   l982 Bobo-Dialasso, Burkima Fasso

Jan.   l982 Ouagadougou, Burkima Fasso, 

Dec.  l98l Abidjan, Ivory Coast, French Cult Ctr

Mar.  l980 Ouaga, Burkima Fasso, Fr. Cultural Ctr

Jan.   l980 Nouakchott, Mauritania, Nat. Museum

Mar.  l979 Dakar, Senegal, French Cultural Center



INTERNATIONAL GROUP SHOWS

Aug 2000 Kranj, Slovenia, Works on Paper

April 1999 Mauritius Islands, Save the Children, UNESCO

Nov.  1998 Czechoslovakia , Book Plate Show 

Oct. 1997-9 France, etc.  Fourth Triennial International Traveling Small Print Show

Oct. 1994-Aug 97 France, Norway, China, etc , Third Triennial 

Feb. 1991 Paris, France, W.I.C.E. ArtspaceFeb. l984 Dakar, Senegal, Gallere De L'Art ContempoFILM



FILM EXPERIENCE

Art Director "Starry, Starry Night" Directed by Paul Davids 1998

Art Director "No Way Out" Video, Jefferson Starship 1985

BA Cultural Anthropology, University of California at Santa Barbara, 1972

BA Black Studies, University of California at Santa Barbara, 1972

LANGUAGES English and French

507 S. Oakland Ave, Pasadena, CA 91101

(626) 818-1075

Ph.D., Applied Physics and Environmental Engineering Science 2001

THESIS: Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Films for Photovoltaics

BS, Physics, with Honors and Distinction, Minor in Mathematics 1995

Postdoctoral Scholar, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2001–present

• Ground-based detection of NO₃ in the stratosphere, toward improved understanding of the chemical processing governing the creation and depletion of beneficial stratospheric ozone.

Graduate Research Assistant, Applied Physics Department, Caltech 1995–2001

• Study of amorphous to crystalline transformation in undoped and highly doped silicon for making thin film polycrystalline silicon photovoltaics.

Undergraduate Researcher, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-CH 1993–1995

• Study of adhesion of charged gold colloidal particles on self-assembled monolayers grown by vapor deposition.

Summer Intern, Women and Minority Research Opportunity, AT&T 1994

• Design of computer interface to automate a wafer mapping and analysis process.

Caltech Graduate Student Council 1996-1999

• Organized New Student Orientation Week, to introduce new graduate students to Caltech and the rich cultural life in Southern California.
• Redesigned and maintained GSC webpage.
• Developed and maintained web-based calendar of student club events.

Caltech Environmental Task Force 1995-2000

Chair (1997-1999)

• Organized campus Earth Day Fair.
• Drafted campus environmental policy with Caltech administration.

National Science Foundation Fellow 1996-1999

William Richardson Davie Scholarship 1991-1995

English, French, Mandarin

Screen-printing t-shirts, pottery

120 S. Sierra Madre Blvd. #304, Pasadena, CA 91107

tel/fax (626) 844-6509

Ph.D. Materials Science, California Institute of Technology July 2000

Thesis: "Electronic Environments of Lithium in the Electrodes of Rechargeable Batteries"

B.Sc. Applied Science, California Institute of Technology June 1995

Senior Scientist, Nanostream 2000-2002

TEACHING EXPERIENCE

Physics Director, Caltech YESS Program 2001- Present

• Taught introductory mechanics course for Caltech freshman. Designed coursework to include group assignments, laboratories, demonstrations, and Power Point presentations.

Calculus and Physics Instructor, Caltech YESS Program 1992-1999

• Lectured preparatory courses for the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT).

Outstanding Service Award, Caltech Office of Minority Student Affairs 2000

IUMAS (International Union of Microbeam Analysis Societies) Student Award 2000

NASA Certificate of Recognition 1999, 1996

Martial Arts/Aerobics Instructor, Solar Energy Enthusiast, Three-time Los Angeles Marathon runner, Trumpet player.

600 S. Oak Knoll Ave. #4

Pasadena, CA 91106

626-796-7980

1997 –Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

1995 –University of Texas, Austin, Texas

Geoscience Support Services, Inc.; Claremont, California

• Conducted hydrogeologic analyses for water resources development projects.

Montgomery Watson Harza, Inc.; Pasadena, California

• Investigated Texas and Southern California groundwater basins for development.
• Designed and constructed groundwater monitoring and production wells.

• Developed intranet web pages for projects and to organize department marketing goals.
• Prepared project and proposal labor, cost estimates, schedules, and internet web pages.

Department of Hydrology and Water Resources; The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

• Executed original research initiated as a Fulbright Scholar in Santiago, Chile.
• Wrote business plan, including marketing strategy for new business development venture.
• Presented results of research at major conference and university research seminars.

Western Geophysical, Inc.; Houston, Texas

• Oversaw collection of marine seismic data onboard the M.V. Western Spirit.

Eligible take California State Board of Registration Exam in Geology in March 2003.

Spanish and English Reading, Writing, and Speaking Fluency

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Capital Bamako

Total Area 478,766.68 sq mi

1,240,000.00 sq km

(slightly less than twice the size of Texas)

Population 11,008,518 (July 2001 est.)

Estimated Population in 2050 36,358,534

Languages French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages

Literacy 31.0% total, 39.4% male, 23.1% female (1995 est.)

Religions Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%

Life Expectancy 45.84 male, 48.24 female (2001 est.)

Government Type republic

Currency 1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

GDP (per capita) $850 (2000 est.)

Industry minor local consumer goods production and food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Agriculture cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats

Arable Land 2%

Natural Resources gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower